Chimpanzees and Tool Use - 1322 Words

Introduction: Chimpanzees are part of the non-human primate group. Though we share a common ancestor, evolution has pushed us in different directions. However this common ancestor causes humans to be curious about these creatures. As discussed in Jane Goodall’s video Among the Wild Chimpanzees we were once considered to be human because of our use of tools but once we observed these non-human primates using tools, this perception was changed forever. The question now at hand is if having the chimpanzees that we study in captivity makes a difference between studying wild chimps. These interesting creatures can be found naturally in the rainforests of Africa. Development of tool use: â€Å"Tool use is rare in animals, and the chimpanzees stand†¦show more content†¦Tool use: In the article Socioecological Inï ¬â€šuences on Tool Use in Captive Chimpanzees by Maura L. Celli, Satoshi Hirata, and Masaki Tomonaga the experiment of honey fishing is discussed. The chimps were placed outside provided with a bottle of honey but no tool. Most were able to create a tool and were successful. This shows that both wild and captive chimpanzees have the capability to manufacture tools, observe how to use them and ultimately have some sort of unique thought because at one point a single chimp had to commit the act of tool manufacturing in the first place in both captivity and in the wild. In the article Handedness for tool use in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): sex differences, performance, heritability and comparison to the wild by W.D. Hopkins, J.L. Russell, J.A. Schaeffer, M. Gardner and S.J. Schapiro the differences in tool use and leaning among chimps in the wild versus captivity shows that captive chimps may have a tendency to be right handed and use the right hand for tool making where as in the wild there is no particular tendency. The article aslo says that the reason for the right handedness of captive chimpanzees has to do with the fact that they are being raised in a predominantly right handed human world and that their tendency to learn fromShow MoreRelatedPan Troglodytes ( Chimpanzee )946 Words   |  4 Pagesclosely related to other apes like Orangutans and Gorillas. Also the Chimpanzee is related to humans 98% of the DNA is the same. They might be the most intelligent animals on the planet, show emotions, great problem solvers and even can make and use tools needed to survive in their habitat. There are two different species of Chimpanzee; the common Chimpanzee and the smaller Bonobo Chimpanzee. Nevertheless, despite being adaptable and intelligent animals, they are threatened in their natural habitatsRead MoreWhat Makes H umans Truly Unique?1551 Words   |  7 PagesEarth. To find that answer we must look at the biological reasons as well as the social reasons we are more unique than other animals. Opposable thumbs, along with our use of language and invention of technology are what make humans truly unique from all other species. The closest animal to the human race are primates. Chimpanzee’s and humans are 99 percent identical in terms of genetics, but where they differ are their thumbs. Doctor Prabhakar says, â€Å"Opposable thumbs, manual dexterity and ankle orRead MoreSimilarities Between Humans and Chimpanzees655 Words   |  3 Pagesin the animal kingdom; however, some people are not aware of our resembling traits with chimpanzees. Jane Goodall’s, In the Shadow of Man, describes some similar traits humans and chimpanzees have such as their facial expressions and emotions, use of tools, and diet. Chimpanzees portray their emotions through a number of facial expressions and mannerisms. Just like humans, they undergo mood swings, jealous rages, and laughter. For instance, Goodall observed during her research that a maleRead More Chimpanzees Essay703 Words   |  3 Pagesgenus of the great ape of Africa, with long black hair and log protruding ears. Humans know them for their intelligence and there very similarities. They have developed family ties similar to man. Over the generations they have even had developed tools out of natural materials. Food for chimpanzees is very important to them due to the excessive amount eating. Chimpanzees eat a variety of foods. They will get their food in many different ways. Bananas are one of the most favored foods of chimpanzeesRead More Do Primates Posses Culture? Essays600 Words   |  3 Pages Writing Assignment One--Do primates posses culture? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I think that if culture is defined as learned behavior, than it is reasonable to say that primates posses a form of culture. Primates have been observed making tools to aid in collecting food and developing communication system, both of which are learned behaviors. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;It is common in monkeys, apes and humans that behavior and social organization aren’t necessarily programmed into the genesRead MoreThe Evolution of the Human Being693 Words   |  3 Pagespea. But her upper body had many apelike features (152). The Dikka baby showed the first signs of a hyoid bone that later developed into the tool for human speech. She was developing into the humans that we are today. The rest of her upper body, however, was like Lucys, the famous Australopithecus hominid. Her brain was small, her nose flat like a chimpanzees, and her face was long and projective (ibid). Her finger bones too almost resembled those of a chimps and her two shoulders represented thoseRead MoreCritical analysis of Jane Goodalls essay Gombe827 Words   |  4 Pagesand studies. In particular Im going to focus my attention on the analysis of what I believe are the two most powerful elements of this essay: the writers decision to structure her memories as a diary correlated with the frequent use of details and the successful use of the public resonance. The first thing the reader will notice from Goodalls essay is that the narration is structured as a diary. Jane, in fact, describes in detail her daily routine among the chimpanzees, her issues in the jungleRead MorePrimates : Humans And Humans1534 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause they were able to make and use tools but it was discovered by Jane Goodall that Primates are able to make and use tools as well. Within the subject of primatology, we will be looking the different techniques used during primate toolmaking and some of the uses for the tools made by primates. We will also be looking at three different research studies focusing on mandrills, chimpanzees and capuchins which will give us a better understanding of how primates make tools. By studying this, we can learnRead MoreLong Passages1621 Words   |  7 PagesTricks can be learned by repetition, but no real thinking is involved. Cuing, in which animals learn to do or not to do certain things by following outside signals, doe s not demonstrate intelligence. Scientists believe that insight, the ability to use tools, and communication using human language are all effective measures of the mental ability of animals. (2) When judging animal intelligence, scientists look for insight, which they define as a flash of sudden understanding. When a young gorillaRead MoreAnimal Experimentation Is The Only Option For Research978 Words   |  4 Pagesantibiotics, had a vaccine, a blood transfusion, dialysis, an organ transplant, chemotherapy, bypass surgery or joint replacement, you have benefitted from animal testing and research. In fact, practically every drug, treatment, medical device, diagnostic tool or cure we have today was developed with the help of lab animals. One of the lifesaving medicines is penicillin. It was discovered in 1928, when Alexander Fleming noticed that staphylococcus bacilli would not grow on a culture medium accidentally

A Woman, A Nail, And A Hammer - 1433 Words

A Woman, A Nail and A Hammer Judges 3-5 For almost 20 years the Israelites had served Eglon, the wicked king of Moab. Then Ehud, a man that the Lord had raised up to save the Children of Israel, killed Eglon. Eglon is the only person in the Bible who is described as being â€Å"very fat.† Ehud, a Benjamite, was the second judge of Israel. He was a left handed man who wore a dagger on his right thigh. That’s the way he got the Dagger past the security guard. After Ehud killed Eglon, the Land enjoyed peace for 80 years; however, â€Å"When Ehud was dead the Children of Israel again did evil in the sight of the Lord.† Those were the days when everyone did what was right in his own eyes. Although, the Lord had delivered the nation of Israel on several occasions, they had gotten careless and sinful again; therefore, The Lord sold them into the hands of Jabin, king of the Canaanites. That is not the only time God has judged His people by selling them to the oppression of the enemy and America needs to wake up before it’s too late. Now, I remind you that this is not a fable; it’s a true life story from the Bible, which contains excellent encouraging lessons for today’s Christian. In fact, there are about a half-dozen sermons that I preach from this story, but don’t worry; I’ll only be using one of them today. The Children of Israel were to have driven the Canaanites out of the land, and they did so to a degree, but not completely. The Israelites swept down across the landShow MoreRelatedA Woman And A Nail1294 Words   |  6 PagesA Woman And A Nail Judges 3-5 For 18 years the Israelites had served Eglon, the wicked king of Moab. Then Ehud, a man that the Lord had raised up to save the Children of Israel, killed Eglon. Eglon is the only person in the Bible who is described as being â€Å"very fat.† Ehud was the second judge of Israel, a Benjamite and a left handed man who wore a dagger on his right thigh. After Ehud killed Eglon, the Land enjoyed peace for 80 years; however, â€Å"When Ehud was dead the Children of Israel again didRead MoreA Woman And A Nail1451 Words   |  6 PagesA Woman And A Nail Judges 3-5 For almost 20 years the Israelites had served Eglon, the wicked king of Moab. Then Ehud, a man that the Lord had raised up to save the Children of Israel, killed Eglon. Eglon is the only person in the Bible who is described as being â€Å"very fat.† Ehud, a Benjamite, was the second judge of Israel. He was a left handed man who wore a dagger on his right thigh. After Ehud killed Eglon, the Land enjoyed peace for 80 years; however, â€Å"When Ehud was dead the Children of IsraelRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1387 Words   |  6 Pagesreally.. how do I put it into words? It was really fun. Sebastian was also right, I do remember how to dance. I know many dances.. Once the dance was over, everyone clapped. It sounds as if I stood out. Wow, you have such a handsome husband! One woman came over and complimented, but, my face flushed up. We re not married! Uh-you got it wr- I was suddenly cut off by Sebastian. Ah, yes. We ve been married for 3 years. We re wondering when the baby is coming. My face instantly reddened up. IRead MoreEssay on Students Should Be Taught Home Economics1180 Words   |  5 Pagesclass. Learning basic skills such as, hem a skirt, or create a budget, are practical life skills that are to be taught in Home Economics classes. â€Å"The basics of cooking, shopping, and ‘Balancing a Checkbook,’ once seen as knowledge that any young woman†¦ should have are now often not learned by young people of either gender, even as we have come to understand their major societal implications† (Graham). Basic skills listed above are not being taught in the schools, and are not guaranteed to be taughtRead MoreEducation Is The Most Important Thing1073 Words   |  5 Pagesliving in America. One summer day, the young girl went into a nail salon and was told a unforgettable story by an older woman from Vietnam that changed her whole viewpoint of Freedom. The story told by this woman was very emotional and touching. As the teenager sat down in the chair with her sister, a lady sat down and proceeded to do her nails. The girl had noticed she was a new worker and asked her name and where she was from. The woman began telling her story out of nowhere and the two girls feelRead More Witch Hunt Mania - 1450 to 1750 Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pageslisten, that all women were evil and capable of witchcraft. The Bibles Apocrypha states, Of woman came the beginning of sin / And thanks to her, we all must die.(Apocrypha, Ecclesiasticus 25:13-26.) (2). Vicious comments like this caused even women themselves to fear what other women may do. This fear only lead to the distrust of woman. A book written by two German men, titled Malleus Maleficarum, The Hammer of Witches, only furthered peoples fear of women?s evil. It states that women are more likelyRead MoreFive Ways to Kill a Man1033 Words   |  5 PagesIn the poem called â€Å"Five Ways to Kill a Man,† by Edwin Brock, the poet indicates five different ways to kill a man by using history to relate the topic. A woman named Gerda Hoogenboom said, â€Å"The key to understanding the poem is to look at the setting of each stanza. Then, the rest follows† (Plagiarist Poetry Archive). By going through time and using various poetry techniques, Brock was able to get his point across to the reader in his poem. In Brock’s poem, there are five stanzas and each of themRead MoreThe Age of the Vikings Essay1648 Words   |  7 Pagesarchaeologist Anne Stine and her husband. The community consisted of several buildings including three large halls, workshops, a blacksmith, and some residential buildings. There were also huts for smelting bog ore, a type of iron with which the Vikings made nails to build their ships. Archaeologists believe the area was occupied by Vikings for no more than ten years because of the lack of a cemetery and radiocarbon dates, which suggests that L’Anse aux Meadows was primarily used as a base camp used by the VikingsRead MoreWomen And Women, Black And White918 Words   |  4 Pages To be the first American Woman to publicly lecture both men and women, black and white, is a fathomable feat. To be the first African American to speak out against not only slavery but also the disfranchisement of women, is revolutionary. To be the one with whom greats such as Sojourner Truth and Ida B. Wells look up to is downright awe-inspiring. To be all of these things is to be Maria W. Stewart. An African American journalist, lecturer, abolitionist, author, and women’s rights activist whoRead MoreMedia Influence On Women s Body Image1688 Words   |  7 Pagescertain beliefs and stereotypes instilled on society. There are many different products developed that are designed to help people alter their bodies in some way. Some of these products are tanning lotions/sprays, body sprays/lotions of odor, shavers, nail cutters, trimmers, acme medicine, wrinkle lotions, different types of make-up, hair dyes, hair straighteners and curlers, anti-aging creams, and many other different things. The advertisements for these different products preach all different kinds

Discussion Forum for Nursing Leadership Course Free Essays

Managers over the years yearn for the best managerial style there is in accordance with the kind of leadership that organization necessitate with. A managerial style needs to examine the influence of other important variables (ward philosophy, leadership style, intra- and inter-professional working, staffing levels and skill mix) which could have been as important as the nursing system in affecting performance. Continuity of care, responsibility and accountability are among the virtues required for every leader so as to maintain a strong disposition in a group and at the same time create a harmonious relationship with the rest of the members. We will write a custom essay sample on Discussion Forum for Nursing Leadership Course or any similar topic only for you Order Now As for this case, the organization’s goal is toward productivity—therefore the group needs a foundation of values and task descriptions that will keep the members informed on the tasks at hand (Meredith Jr. , 2008). Directive autocratic form of leadership would be most appropriate. In essence, the leader should be intellectually equipped and experience-ready since nursing programs are typically run through a set of standards. The very fact that such kinds of practitioners are dealing with health, or most importantly the lives of their patients, it is only but fitting for the leader to be composed, systematic and organized especially when it comes to delegation and on meeting deadlines or time-frames. Analysis For example, as for instances wherein the organization is one point or another required to work with a partnership, the leader should anticipate possible discrepancies in terms of production so as to preempt the occurrence of one or, at the least, allot enough time for the partnership to address or to be able to resolve the impending crisis as soon as possible. Internal problems can be resolved through the early exposition of predicted problems thereby creating enough time between the occurrence of the predicted problem and the current timeframe. This expanse of time should be used in order to formulate sets of solutions as early as time permits. , when the partnership is faced with drawbacks from either sides, it should be the case that both should not leave-out the other party and, instead, provide substantial assistance in order to uplift the business relationship and lessen the impact of the problem to both organizations concerned. Conclusion As a matter of fact, managers can empower others through a variety of ways. These ways include granting subordinates with technical skills acquired through skills-enhancing tasks or through educational discussion, or by delegating to the employees special or non-conventional aptitude or competence by involving these people on duties that are beyond their working status quo. Managers can also empower not only their subordinates or employees but also those who belong to the higher or superior ranks. Supervisors or office executives can be further empowered by the manager by providing critical insights and ideas that are fresh and go beyond the usual habit of mere task accomplishment. Those in the upper positions can obtain empowerment when the manager exposes these individuals to the recent developments within the firm or company either through status reports or through corporate discussions, thereby providing them new information that grants them the capacity to craft new business policies. How to cite Discussion Forum for Nursing Leadership Course, Essays Discussion Forum for Nursing Leadership Course Free Essays A nurse manager’s role is one of leadership. A person would therefore require excellent communication skills with people of all ages, genders and races. The nurse manger role requires a lot of responsibility and one must be able to accept this challenge and all the duties and responsibilities that are allocated with this skilled and professional line of work. We will write a custom essay sample on Discussion Forum for Nursing Leadership Course or any similar topic only for you Order Now Your nurse manager role would be to oversee that all duties and work responsibilities in a particular unit are done in accordance with the organization’s vision and mission statement. As a nurse manager, you must be a reliable person, the organization would require that you live up to their needs and expectations and portray that for which they stand. Nurse Manager’s roles also involve the building of team leadership. Nurses within a particular unit should be able to work well together as a team and form a uniform whole; this will ensure the success of a nursing unit. In the given situation, the nurse manager should be able to resolve the problem wherein she will not be put into a situation that will affect on her credibility as a professional. Whoever is under her authority, may it be a family or a friend, there is no excuse to disregarding her responsibilities as manager. The success of her leadership will depend on how she will handle the circumstances that comes her way. Within a position of authority, one should live and represent the organization for what it stands; this includes the ethics it follows and type of service it offers. Communication is a key tool that health care professionals must use to elicit cooperation among individuals in the delivery of health care services. Communication among health professionals can: increase awareness of a health issue, problem, or solution; affect attitudes to create support for individual or collective action; demonstrate or illustrate skills; increase demand for health services; inform or reinforce knowledge, attitudes, or behavior. Healthcare institutions include many interacting groups: staff with staff, staff with patients, and staff with families and visitors, staff with physicians etc. These interactions frequently lead to conflict. In which the manager is faced on with the complaints against Mary’s performance in their unit. Conflict is defined as an acknowledged struggle from differences in ideas, values, actions or feelings resulting in increased stress levels between two groups or two people. Usually, conflict is handled in one of five ways: reflecting differing degrees of aggressive, assertive, or passive, and cooperative or competitive behavior. There are a lot of strategies to approach conflicts. In the case of Mary, the manager should employ the Collaboration approach which implies a mutual attention to the problem that utilizes the talents of all parties. In collaboration, the focus is on solving the problem, not defeating the opponent; the goal is to satisfy both parties’ concerns. It is appropriate for the manager to bring clashing groups together to mediate. Before coming together for mediation, everyone in the groups needs to agree on the following: to get together to work on problems; that there are problems that can be solved; that all individuals have some responsibility for working toward solving the problems; that they are not expected to like one another at the conclusion but to understand one another better and be able to work together; that they are not expected to place blame on someone for the problem, but are expected to consider differences and come to a consensus about solutions(Hartley.  2007). Coaching is an effective way to help staff identify and meet professional goals. The goal of nurse manager coaching is to make nurses responsible for their actions and redirect any resistance by determining goals, purpose, and vision (Powell, 2001). In this manner, Mary will realize that there is a problem that needs attention. And this way, too, everyone will be able to meet common goals and be successful in their endeavors. References The Healthcare performance Institute. (2006). Nurse Manager Role. Retrieved March 9, 2009, from http://www.healthcareperformanceinstitute.com/nurse-manager-role.jsp National Center of Continuing Educatuion, Inc. (2009). Communication Strategies. Retrieved March 9, 2009, from http://www.nursece.com/onlinecourses/3453.html CEUFast.com. (2007). Conflict Management. (2007). Retrieve March 9, 2009, from http://www.ceufast.com/courses/viewcourse.asp?id=91 Nurse.com. (2001). The Nurse Manager as Coach. (2001, July 2). Retrieved March 9, 2009, from http://include.nurse.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2001107020368 How to cite Discussion Forum for Nursing Leadership Course, Essays

Employee Recognition and Retention at McDonalds

Question: Discuss about theEmployee Recognition and Retention at McDonalds. Answer: Introduction Considering the increasing competitiveness in markets, attracting and retaining employees is one of the major concerns of any organisation. Although the competition may have abated following the financial crisis in some countries, in some other countries, the labour markets remain tight for some occupations, since there is a retention of workers. For instance, this is clearly depicted in the case of the McDonalds organisation. It uses the employer branding strategy in attracting the human capital, which is aimed at allowing the firm to achieve its bottom-line objectives. Organisational branding highly communicates the benefits of using McDonalds services to its consumers and employees among other vital factors that embed this organisation. Branding process happens through the creation of unique image or name of the services offered to the consumers through means of advertisement to the consumers. The branding process influences the beliefs of the consumers concerning the service. Con sequently, the beliefs become the part of the brand image in the organisation, which invokes its recognition. Recognition and Retention in Organisations In general, the concepts leading to employee attraction and recruitment framework, the value of organisations conveys to the potential employees belief that their needs will eventually be met. It means that just as the consumers depend on the branding phenomenon to differentiate their products, workers employ a similar technique in distinguishing between various employers to determine if a certain employer will help them to attain their personal objectives. In McDonalds it is the employers who control the industrys attraction and recruitment process which will eventually determine if the employees will choose to remain in their jobs. Another vital perspective that is useful while gauging that factor that attracts young people to jobs in the McDonalds organisation is the notion of building their career paths. An individual's career path is equivalent to their self-image ability, basic values, talents and career motives. In essence, to develop ones career helps an individual gain both work and profession experience which leads to making sound career decisions. The McDonalds culture helps in supporting the company to position itself and achieve its goals and objectives. McDonalds is the biggest player in the worldwide fast-food industry. It uses its culture as a tool to attract customers and the most qualified employees. Markedly, the organisation's culture tells more about the values and traditions that it uses to influence its employees behaviour. With the best behaviour of workers and good management, there is the likelihood of attracting customers and retaining them. To enhance business efficiency in regards to production and other services, McDonald's company culture calls for learning. Through learning, there is continued evolution of the firm reflecting on its effectiveness in applying its corporate culture to achieve the best levels of human resource. This condition clearly points to the importance of organisational culture as a factor to enhance success, particularly in international business (Saha and Theingi, 2009). Notably, the McDonalds cultures insist on the development of its human resource component, to enhance its efficiency. This is because it supports business growth and success. Markedly the organisation has four important characteristics prioritised by McDonalds as follows - people, individual learning, organisational learning, and the diversity and inclusion. Leaders should be in a position to understand employee recognition psychology to achieve the best out of their workers. For instance, if an employee provides the best services in their job, they should be recognised by the management. After getting such recognition, these employees are likely to work harder since they would like to continue being recognised. They also look forward to receiving gifts or another kind of appreciation. McDonald's achieves this imperative by recognising its employees at the monthly, quarterly and annual intervals. Moreover, the company also provides an outstanding achievers award. The recipient of this award is determined through a meticulous process, which entails the input of various managers. The winner also receives a $500 gift voucher. The employee recognition is the most important of all culture practices in the McDonalds organisation for the future leaders' program since it mediates the effects of workers retention. The quality of service is an astute mediator of the relationship between job satisfaction and the customer satisfaction. Consequently, to satisfy the customers, it is essential to ensure that the workers are themselves fully contented. Achieving this contentedness entails improving workers satisfaction, as this will lead to an improvement in the quality of services based on the theory of social exchange (Yee, Yeung, and Cheng, 2008). According to this theory, when individuals receive gifts, a feeling of gratitude ensues. Consequently, they yearn to reciprocate. In the context of McDonalds scheme, recognition encourages workers to provide the best input, which contributes to the realisation of the goals of the organisation. Employee encouragement can also be understood from the perspective of motivation, which is one of the tools that human resource managers commonly employ in their practice. One such theory is Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs. This theory categorizes the needs of individuals into five classes, which are physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem and finally self-actualization. These needs may further be classified into lower level needs and higher level needs. The first three classes are the lower level needs while the two remaining classes constitute the higher level of needs. Maslow contended that if an individual becomes contented with a particular class of needs, then this class becomes less important. In their career description, McDonalds does not emphasise on the lower level of needs perhaps because the work in this firm is safe. However, the organisation puts more emphasis on the flexibility of working time and the experience that individuals acquire from their work (M illeta, 2008). The McDonald's company has a clear recognition of its employees needs, thereby choosing to focus primarily on the higher level of needs in the Maslow hierarchy. From this theory, while motivating employees or workers, it is important to clearly understand their needs. Another famous theory is Taylor's principles of scientific management. In his theory, Taylor assumes that money is the main motivator in an organisation. The theory tries to establish the means that is the most efficient for the performance of a task. Consequently, the theory recommends the piece rate mode of payment such that those employees who work fastest receive bonuses. In the McDonalds payment policy, this principle is implemented through a system of competitive wages. However, McDonalds does not regard wages as the only motivation since the organisation provides other benefits, which also act as motivators. One can also perceive aspects of Herzbergs motivator-hygiene theory. In this theory, there are two sets of factors that have an influence on employees, which are the motivator and hygiene factors. Motivators include the interest that an individual has as well as future opportunities that give workers job satisfaction while on the other hand, hygiene factors include the working environment, which can lead to the workers to becoming dissatisfied (Farndale et al., 2011). McDonalds portrays notions of a belief that the motivators in this theory can lead to the satisfaction of the employees. Therefore, the rewards got from excellent performance, and the chances of future development are used in motivating employees in McDonalds. The management of talents is an important area of focus in the workers' retention, but it lacks a clear definition. It mainly centres on the employee being a very vital and valuable resource with the capacity to providing a competitive advantage. The talent retention targets an entirely different set of individuals as opposed to employee retention (Schlosser, 2012). The talent management is only concerned with the retention of the most talented individuals whom the firm has recognised to having the ability to occupy the key position. One of the limiting factors in association with the retention policies is that they end up in the retention of the employees including those who have low performance. However, with the talent management, an organisation is able to focus both its efforts and resources on the employees who have potential in occupying the top positions. This theory is demonstrated clearly in McDonalds through its future leader's programs. The organisation is able to identif y and retain the most talented individuals by recognising them. The decision making for the nonprofit organisation is equally important just like the business organisations. Then it is important to note that the non-profit just like other organisations rely on their personnel in executing their strategies to advance their goals and objectives. For that reason, the non-profit firms needs to attend similar tasks as the business organisation that they partake when faced with the issue of establishing and maintaining a strong workforce. To achieve this, the Spastic Centre, which is a non-profit organisation, addresses the following personnel issues as delineated by the human resource management. They include assessing individuals needs, recruiting new ones, screening, selecting and hiring, orientation of the new one and finally deciding on the best method of compensation. A good manager in the non-profit organisation must ensure that they get more performance from the workers (Brown and Lam, 2008). This is because the human resource department entire ly determines the companys performance. It is for this reason that the management should make decisions on whom to hire and who to fire. In many non-profit organisations, including the Spastic Centre, publicising its existence is very important step that they should take when recruiting its staff and volunteers if they are to encourage and retain them in their firms (Clemmer, 2003). For many non-profit organisations, volunteers are countless since they attend the basic tasks. These organizations usually rely on two essential avenues for publicising their work that is their local media like newspapers and other or the community organisations. Contact with the non-profit group like churches or the public groups particularly rewards the non-profit organisations. The interviewing process for successful staff is essential for the non-profit organisation (Charan et al., 2011). This is because it holds truest volunteers, directors and other officers. Therefore, the non-profit organisation managers should ensure that they recognise the volunteers in the process of selection and staffing to enhance their performance. Non-profit organisations today face even dimmer prospects when it comes to the sourcing of a reliable and capable workforce. These dimming prospects can be attributed to a complex interplay of factors, as highlighted by Pauline (2011). Firstly, there is a shifting paradigm in the nature of the work-life interplay, which has severely hampered both the volume and capacity of potential volunteers. Specifically, individuals today have to contend with longer working hours as well as increased demands of everyday life, issues that limit their available free time. Secondly, there is also increased competition for the talents currently available in the market, due to increased competition amongst business organisations, as well as the emergence of new forms of non-profit institutions and other opportunities and events, which similarly rely on volunteers (Pauline, 2011). Given these factors, volunteer retention becomes an increasingly important consideration, yet one that is increasingly diff icult to attain. In light of the above factors, volunteer retention becomes an important strategy, which non-profits can employ to satisfy their labour needs. Pauline (2011) elaborates that retention may be even more significant in non-profits that in business organisations granted the nature of some of the events requiring volunteers, whereby they occur at particular intervals, say annually. Consequently, it is essential that they retain volunteers to reduce the amount of time involved in recruiting and training new volunteers. While training is a vital approach that leads to a successful non-profits organisation management (Allen, 2008), it is a rather expensive and time-consuming affair. Training is important in ensuring that volunteers have a proper understanding of what the organisation expects from them. In light of these aspects, the importance of retention for non-profits is further underscored by the scarcity of resources at their disposal in comparison with business organisations. One of th e key tactics that non-profits can then employ to retain volunteers is to ensure volunteer job satisfaction (Pauline, 2011; Warner, Newland and Green, 2011). Satisfaction essentially regards the difference between what volunteers expect and what they obtain from the job (Warner, Newland Green, 2011). Satisfied volunteers are more likely to be committed to the organisation, and to be willing to continue volunteering. Volunteer satisfaction can only be attained through an apt and precise understanding of volunteers motivations. When an organisation understands the motivations behind a volunteers voluntarism, it gains an understanding of the volunteers expectations and is thereby better placed to meet these expectations (Warner, Newland Green, 2011). Consequently, the direct use of tactics such as recognition may not necessarily work for non-profits, given that the main driver of satisfaction is volunteers expectations. For instance, Warner, Newland and Green (2011) report the finding that continuous nonsport volunteers were found to be indifferent to recognition. Recognition was, however, an attractive feature for other respondents in their study, whose sample included volunteers in both sport and nonsport organisations. On her part, Pauline (2011) reports that volunteers were least satisfied with the amount of recognition that they received in the organisations where they volunteered. It is wort hwhile to note that the sample in her study comprised of volunteers in sporting. Based on the above findings, it appears that the need for recognition varies based on the field within which a particular non-profit organisation is operating. Recognition seems to be an important issue for volunteers within the field of sports. Although it is not explicitly stated in the literature, one can perhaps attribute this finding to the competitive nature of sporting as a field, which often culminates in the recognition of individuals whose performance stand out. Nonetheless, the conclusion here is that an organisational audit, as well as a review of volunteers, is an important first step in satisfying employees, as it facilitates an understanding of their expectations. Conclusion Human capital is one of the most essential inputs in organisations, whether they be business organisations or non-profit institutions. Both levels of organisation face increasingly dim prospects due to an increasing shortage in both the volume and ability of available labour. This is due to increased competition as well as a shifting dynamic in the characteristics of the labour force, which means that organisations have to compete for a limited human resource base. Consequently, the retention of the current human resource base has gained increased prominence. McDonald's has found that employee recognition is a safe path towards the realisation of employee retention. The company has an elaborate training program, and regularly recognises employees for outstanding performance. A scrutiny of the practice reveals that it is underpinned by theories such as motivation, performance management and talent management. Recognition is an important way in which organisations can achieve employee job satisfaction, thereby increasing employees' commitment to their jobs and promoting employee retention. Recognition as a strategy towards retention, however, has limited applicability in non-profits. Recognition has been indicated to have varying significance, being more significant in certain volunteering perspectives such as sporting than others. In this case, an important first step is for such organisations to understand the nature of their organisations and motivations behind volunteers. References Allen, D. G. (2008). Retaining talent: A guide to analysing and managing employee turnover. SHRM Foundation Effective Practice Guidelines Series, 1-43. Brown, S. P., Lam, S. (2008). A Meta-Analysis of Relationships Linking Employee Satisfaction to Customer Responses. Journal of Retailing, 84(3), 243255. Charan, R., Drotter, S. J., Noel, J. L. (2011).The leadership pipeline: How to build the leadership powered company. San Francisco, Calif: Jossey-Bass. Clemmer, J. (2003).The leader's digest: Timeless principles for team and organization success. Canada?: TCG Press. Farndale, E., Hope-Hailey, V., Kelliher, C. (2011). High commitment performance management: the roles of justice and trust. Personnel Review, 40(1), 5-23. Gregory, K. (2011). The importance of employee satisfaction. The Journal of the Division of Business Information Management, 29-37. Hughes, C. J., Rog, E. (2008). Talent management. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20(7), 743 - 757. Lafley, A. G., Charan, R. (2013).The game-changer: How you can drive revenue and profit growth with innovation. New York: Crown Business. Millette, V., Gagn, M. (2008, March 8). Designing volunteers tasks to maximize motivation, satisfaction and performance: The impact of job characteristics on volunteer Engagement. Motivation and Emotion, 32(1), 11-22. Pauline, G. (2011). Volunteer satisfaction and intent to remain: an analysis of contributing factors among professional golf event volunteers. International Journal of Event Management Research, 6(1). Saha, G. C., Theingi. (2009). Service quality, satisfaction, and behavioural intentions: A study of low-cost airline carriers in Thailand. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 19(3), 350-372. Schlosser, E. (2012).Fast food nation: The dark side of the all-American meal. Boston: Mariner Books/Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Ton, Z. (2014).The good jobs strategy: How the smartest companies invest in employees to lower costs and boost profits. Ton, Z., Huckman, R. S. (2008). Managing the impact of employee turnover on performance: The role of process conformance. Organization Science, 19(1), 56-68. University of Michigan. (2000).LS A bulletin. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan. Urbancov, H., Linhartov, L. (2011). Employee turnover and maintaining knowledge continuity in large and small organisations." (). Central European Review of Economic Issues, 14, 265-274. Warner, S., Newland, B. L., Green, B. C. (2011). More than motivation: Reconsidering volunteer management tools. Journal of Sport Management, 25(5), 391-407. Yee, R. W., Yeung, A. C., Cheng, T. E. (2008). The impact of employee satisfaction on quality and profitability in high-contact service industries. Journal of operations management, 26(5), 651-668.

A Lesson in Spelling Definite

A Lesson in Spelling Definite A Lesson in Spelling Definite A Lesson in Spelling Definite By Maeve Maddox Next to the possessive adjective its, the word definite is possibly the most misspelled word in English. If I had a nickel for every time Ive circled the misspelling definate in a students paper, Id have enough money to buy a house. Perhaps one way to impress the correct spelling of definite on the mind would be to consider the family of words to which it belongs. finite: having bounds, ends, or limits infinite: having no limit or end infinity: the quality or attribute of being infinite or having no limit define: to settle the limits of And, of course, theres definite: Having fixed or exact limits Look at all the i words in these definitions; Something that is infinite has no limits. Something that is finite has limits. To define is to limit. Something that is definite is limited. There! Go forth and spell definite with two is. For babies and children, whose nutritional needs are extraordinary, the risks are definite and scary. The breast milk of vegetarian and vegan mothers is dramatically lower in a critical brain fat, DHA (www.nytimes.com) one of the more useful words in the English language, but according to research by a linguistics professor, use of the definite article â€Å"the† has declined â€Å"radically† over the last century. (www.theguardian.com) of state for public health, committee chairman Neil Parish wrote: â€Å"We are disappointed with the lack of definite action taken by the FSA [Food Standards Agency] and wider government to date. We trust that the further response (www.theguardian.com) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What Does [sic] Mean?How to Play HQ Words: Cheats, Tips and TricksFew vs. Several

Speeding Through Life essays

Speeding Through Life essays The feelings as you drive a Ferrari 550 Maranello are amazing. The car throbs to life, rumbling idly all around you. You look to the right, and see your opponent: a Porsche 911. You look up at the red light, waiting for it to turn green. You can almost taste the raw power. You rev the engine, getting ready to fly when the light turns green. The light changes and you're off!!! For all of the feelings that you get when you drive this car, you Born in Modena, Italy on February 18, 1898, Enzo Ferrari would go on to make some of the greatest cars on earth. At an early age, he gained an interest in auto racing, when he saw his first race at the age of ten years old. Although he was forced to leave school when his father died, he worked as a turning instructor in the Modena Fire Brigade workshop. This ended shortly after he got drafted into the army. He served out WWI in a mountain artillery unit. During his service, his brother was killed. After Enzo's service was over, he went to work for Alfa Romeo, a well-known car maker in Italy. At this job, he worked as a mechanic, a test driver, and a racecar driver. In 1919, he entered his first race and astoundingly enough, he finished fourth! He was so skilled, that he was dubbed "Cavaliere", which was "the equivalent of Knighthood in England." (Serial-Designs.com) Soon after, Romeo decided that Ferrari should become the head of the racing division. He stayed in this position until 1939. Because of disagreements, Ferrari and Romeo soon parted ways, and Ferrari opened up a shop in his hometown of Modena. Unfortunately, in 1940, Benito Mussolini called upon Ferrari to make military vehicles for him during WWII. While he built military machinery, allied forces were busy bombing his factory. They obliterated it twice, once in 1944, and once in 1945. Production stopp ...

President Nelson Mandela was seen by people from various political, Research Paper

President Nelson Mandela was seen by people from various political, economic, social, religious, cultural, ethnic and racial bac - Research Paper Example The legislation led to the fleeing of Africans from the rural areas where they owned farms to the towns to find jobs1. Nelson Mandela a black leader of ANC led to the end of the oppression and discrimination of the black, the colored people, and Indians in 1994. Mandela became the president of South Africa under the party in the same year, and since then, ANC has ruled the country up to date (Mandela, Van, and Bouma 30)2. Background Nelson Mandela led the black people in the country to opposing apartheid from 1948 to 1994 when he was sworn in as the head of state. Mandela became a leader of ANC in 1948 when the government introduced the segregation of the citizens based on race and color. The racial classes that the Afrikaner government included whites, blacks, colored, and Indians. The colored people were the non-white and non-Indian such as the Italians (Claasens and Cousins 67). The whites were considered respectable and greater than all other races3. Mandela and other members of ANC struggled to negotiate with the government to end racial discrimination and oppression. The oppression that the black people underwent included serving the Dutch at low or no cost, being hindered from accessing education, and being blocked from leadership positions (Muiui 79). Mandela underwent several imprisonments as an ANC leader with the last one ending in 1990. The leader’s defeat of apartheid in South Afric